Vol. 2026 No. 2 (2026)
Articles

A study on adolescent mobile phone dependence, psychological flexibility, and social support

Jonathan Allen
Leeds Developing Minds Lab, University of Leeds, School of Psychology, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

Published 17-03-2026

Keywords

  • Mobile phone dependence,
  • Social support,
  • Psychological flexibility

How to Cite

[1]
J. Allen, “A study on adolescent mobile phone dependence, psychological flexibility, and social support”, The Young Thinker's Rev., vol. 2026, no. 2, pp. 1–7, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.62852/ytr/2026/244.

Abstract

Using stratified sampling, 800 students from two vocational colleges in Shandong Province were surveyed with the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Chinese version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). The study found that females scored higher than males on indicators of mobile phone addiction tendency, withdrawal symptoms, and salience (t = 2.153–3.134, all P < 0.05). Secondary vocational students scored higher than higher vocational students on mobile phone addiction tendency, withdrawal symptoms, social comfort, and mood modification (t = 2.842–5.252, all P < 0.01). All indicators of social support were negatively correlated with all indicators of mobile phone dependence (r = -0.072 to -0.208, all P < 0.01), while psychological inflexibility and cognitive fusion were positively correlated with all indicators of mobile phone dependence (r = 0.344–0.420, all P < 0.01). Cognitive defusion showed a significant partial correlation with mobile phone addiction tendency (r = 0.138, P < 0.01). Psychological inflexibility, cognitive fusion, cognitive defusion, and objective support had direct predictive effects on mobile phone dependence, with social support playing a partial mediating role between mobile phone dependence and psychological flexibility. Mobile phone dependence behavior is closely related to psychological flexibility and social support. Enhancing psychological flexibility and social support can effectively reduce mobile phone dependence behavior.

References

  1. Madrid. Mobile phones becoming a major addiction [Electronic Version]. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http:// www. smh.com. au/articles/ 2003/ 12/10/1070732250532.html?from=storyrhs.
  2. Fredrik S, Michael C, Lennart H. Use of wireless telephones and self -reported health symptoms: A population -based study among Swedish adolescents aged 15-19 years. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 2008, 7(18): 1-10.
  3. May A. Are you addicted to your mobile? [Electronic Version]. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http:// www.pluggedinresource.com/ docs/ 1_ psychology/ Mobile Mania_Nomophobia.pdf.
  4. Thomé e S, Harenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults-a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 2011, 11(1): 66.
  5. Ha JH, Chin B, Park DH, et al. Characteristics of excessive cellular phone use in Korean adolescents. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2008, 11(6): 783- 784.
  6. Sánchez-Martínez M, Otero A. Factors associated with cellphone use in adolescents in the community of Madrid (Spain). Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2009, 12(2): 131-137
  7. Toda M, Monden K, Kubo K, et al. Mobile phone dependence and health- related lifestyle of university students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal,2006, 34(10): 1277-1284.
  8. Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, Processes and Outcomes. Behavior Research and Therapy,2006, 44(1): 1-25.
  9. Hayes SC, Wilson KG, Gifford EV, et al. Experiential Avoidance and Behavioral Disorders: A Functional Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1996,64 (6): 1152 - 1168.
  10. Ge Xuhua, Zhu Zhuohong, Wang Yali. The relationship between adolescent mobile phone dependence, attachment, and social support. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science, 2013, 22(8): 736-738.
  11. Sun Jiang Wei, Li Lin, Lin Chao, et al. Mobile phone dependence syndrome among college students and its relationship with loneliness. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2014, 30(9): 1147-1150.
  12. Xiong Jie, Zhou Zongkui, Chen Wu, et al. Development of the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2012, 26(3): 222-225.
  13. Xiao Shuiyuan, Yang Desen. The impact of social support on physical and mental health. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1987, 1(4): 183-186.
  14. Cao Jing, Ji Yang, Zhu Zhuohong. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2013, 27(11): 873-877.
  15. Zhang Weichen, Ji Yang, Li Xin, et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2014, 28(1): 40-44.
  16. Zhang Jinfeng, Shi Zhanbiao, Zhu Zhuohong. The relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth in adolescents. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science, 2013, 22(8): 739-742.
  17. Liu Hong, Wang Hongli. The relationship between mobile phone addiction, loneliness, and mobile phone use motivation among college students. Psychological Science, 2011, 34(6): 1453-1457.
  18. Ge Xuhua, Zhu Zhuohong. The relationship between adolescent mobile phone addiction tendency and adult attachment. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2014, 30(1): 95-97.
  19. Hinton MJ, Gaynor ST. Cognitive defusion for psychological distress, dysphoria, and low self- esteem: a randomized technique evaluation trial of vocalizing strategies [J]. Int J Behav Consul Ther,2010,6 (3): 163 - 185.
  20. Lindsey C. Test-retest reliability and further validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire[D]. Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh,2010.